Essay - Gender and Power - Connell, R (2006)

Men's power over women in society + why

Hegemonic masculinity: 
'Practice that legitimises men's dominant position in society and justifies the subordination of women, and other marginalised ways of being a man. Conceptually, hegemonic masculinity proposes to explain how and why men maintain dominant social roles over women, and other gender identities, which are perceived as "feminine" in a given society.'

Hegemonic:
Refers to the cultural dynamics by means of which a social group claims, and sustains, a leading and dominant position in a social hierarchy. 

Hegemonic masculinity and emphasised femininity

'there is no femininity that is hegemonic in the sense that the dominant form of masculinity is hegemonic among men'

'compliance with this subordination and orientation to accommodate the interests and needs of men'

'hegemony does not mean total cultural dominance, the obliteration of alternatives. It means ascendency achieved within a balance of forces. Other patterns or groups are subordinate rather than eliminated'

'public face of hegemonic masculinities is not necessarily what powerful men are, but what sustains their power, and what large numbers of men are motivated to support'

'all forms of femininity in this society are constructed in the context of the overall subordination of women to men' 
Design world domination - women designing in the masculine design style

Francesco Maria Morettini
Certain types of behaviour associated with dominance and power create inequalities within and between genders - initially formulated in the1980s, it focuses o the existence of a dominant form of masculinity. 

'It's just a very male industry: gender and work in UK design agencies' - Suzanne Reimer
Looks at ways naturalised gender inequalities in design emerge and are reinforced. 

Gender divisions: 
'Qualities such as creativity and talent are socially constructed characteristics often associated with privileged masculinity' - Parker, 2008, 218

Women experiencing a 'double shift' at work and at home (Perrons, 2003) face greater pressures and stress at work than do men.